The Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL) is the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly and concentrates its efforts on issues regarding decolonization, human rights, and peacekeeping. Outside of these primary objectives, SPECPOL is also dedicated to other issues such as atomic radiation, outer space, and mine action.

Founded near the end of the Second World War, it was originally tasked with the decolonization of territories encompassing more than 750 million people. In the 21st century, it has transitioned into a body designated to tackle internationally prominent, yet often times miscellaneous issues of a political and territorial nature. While this committee is representative of all 193 member states, resolutions are non-binding and actions are recommended to the Security Council, which will ultimately decide whether or not to carry out the plan of action.

SPECPOL offers the traditional Model United Nations experience for delegates of all experience levels. Both committee topics use Regular Rules of Procedure. Position papers are recommended for this committee, and are mandatory for delegates to be considered for awards.